07/11/2012

Gangen i en inkassosak

Inkasso

Inkasso

I denne artikkelen vil vi gå gjennom gangen i en inkassosak, fra du får tilsendt regningen med en betalingsprosess til rettslig inndriving.

Betalingsfrist

Du plikter til å betale innen den fristen du er blitt enig med kreditor om. Hvis du ikke får det til, bør du ta kontakt med kreditor for å be om en betalingsutsettelse. Hvis det står en betalingsfrist på regningen, er det nok at du har innlevert betalingsoppdraget til banken den fastsatte dagen.

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Forsinkelsesrente

Hvis du ikke betaler det du skylder innen betalingsfristen, kan du kreve forsinkelsesrente. Er det ikke avtalt en betalingsfrist, løper renten fra en måned etter at du har fått påkrav om å betale. Forsinkelsesrenten endres jevnlig ved større endringer i bankrenten. Per 1. juli 2012 er forsinkelsesrenten på 8,5 prosent. Du kan også regne ut forsinkelsesrenten automatisk på forsinkelsesrente.no.

Purring

Den du skylder penger, kan sende deg et ubegrenset antall purringer. Skal det tas gebyr for dette, må det gå 14 dager etter forfall. Det må fremgå av purringen hva krevet gjelder, kravets størrelse, og at du har en frist på 14 dager til å betale. Purregebyret er fra 1. januar 2012 på kr 62 og kan kreves for kun to purringer.

Inkassovarsel

Du har krav på å få et skriftlig inkassovarsel, før det settes i gang inkasso som fører til kostnader for deg. Hvis du betaler inne fristen i varselet, kan du ikke kreves for ytterligere kostnader fordi det er engasjert et inkassobyrå. Varselet kan sendes tidligst 14 dager etter forfall. I varselet skal det fremgå hva kravet gjelder, kravets størrelse og varsel om at inkasso vil bli iverksatt om du ikke betaler innen 14 dager. Hvis det ikke allerede er tatt ut purregebyr to ganger, kan du kreves for 62 kroner i gebyr (januar 2012).

Betalingsoppfordring

Hvis 14-dagersfristen i inkassovarselet er utløpt og du ikke har betalt, kan du motta en betalingsoppfordring. Betalingsoppfordringen kan sendes av den du skylder penger eller inkassobyrået. I betalingsoppfordringen skal du bes om å betale eller komme med eventuelle innvendinger som du måtte ha mot kravet, innen 14 dager. Du skal også få opplysning om navnet til den du skylder penger, hva kravet gjelder, kravets størrelse med spesifisering av renter og gebyrer, hvilken dato rentene er beregnet fra, og at rettslig inndrivelse vil bli iverksatt om det ikke betales.

Hvis betalingsoppfordringen oppfyller lovens krav, kan den du skylder penger kreve kroner 186 i gebyr fra januar 2012. Sendes betalingsoppfordringen fra en inkassator, kan det påløpe enkelt inkassosalær. Tilfredsstiller ikke betalingsoppfordringen de nevnte vilkår, taper kreditor eller inkassobyrået retten til å få dekket sine kostnader knyttet til inndrivingen.

Rettslig inndriving

Et inkassobyrå kan velge å gå til domstolene for å få inn pengene du skylder. Normalt vil du henvende seg til forliksrådet først. Det kan da påløpe kostnader som du kan bli ansvarlig for å betale. Hvis inkassobyrået sender en forliksklage, vil det for det første påløpe et forliksgebyr på kroner 860 (et rettsgebyr i 2012). I tillegg kan innkassobyrået ta et gebyr for å gjøre denne jobben.

Hvis den du skylder penger har andre utgifter til offentlige gebyrer, domstolsbehandling etc., kan du bli ansvarlig for å erstatte dette også. Det kan også tas et gebyr dersom det sendes konkursvarsel eller saken blir tvangsinndrevet.

Hvis en sak er til behandling i et inkassobyrå, og du ønsker en betalingsutsettelse eller en nedbetalingsordning, har inkassoloven regler om at du kan kreves for et gebyr for det. Betingelsen er at du enten skriver under på et tvangskraftig gjeldsbrev, eller at du inngår en avtale om en avdragsordning på mer enn fire avdrag, og at saken ikke går til forliksrådet eller tingretten. Skiver du under på et tvangskraftig gjeldsbrev trenger ikke inkassobyrået å gå til forliksrådet. Klarer du å nedbetale gjelden med fire avdrag, kan ikke inkassobyrået kreve dette gebyret av deg.

Klage på inkassokrav

Mener du at du ikke skylder de pengene du blir krevd for, eller at du skylder et mindre beløp, bør du straks si ifra til kreditor eller til inkassobyrået. Hvis det er rimelig tvil om hvorvidt du skylder beløpet, skal du ikke betale inkassokostnader. Hvis inkassobyrået ikke gir seg, og du blir innkalt til forliksrådet/domstolene, må du møte opp. Hvis du ikke møter opp, kan det avsies dom mot deg uten at du får uttalt deg, såkalt uteblivelsesdom.

Hvis du skal klage på et inkassobyrå, kan du klage til Inkassoklagenemda.

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