13/08/2023

Regler for kameraovervåkning i sameier og borettslag

I dagens moderne samfunn, der sikkerhet og personvern ofte balanserer på en skjør tråd, blir spørsmålet om kamerovervåkning i sameier og borettslag stadig mer aktuelt. Fellesarealer som inngangsdører, portrom og heiser blir ofte gjenstand for vurderingen om å implementere overvåkingssystemer for å forhindre hærverk, avskrekke potensielle farlige situasjoner og opprettholde trygghet for beboere og besøkende. Denne artikkelen utforsker forskriften av 2. juli 2018 nr. 1107 som regulerer etableringen av kamerovervåkning i sameier og borettslag i Norge.

Formålet med kamerovervåkning

I henhold til nevnte forskrift, er kamerovervåkning i sameier og borettslag tillatt kun dersom det har til hensikt å ivareta beboernes og andres sikkerhet, forebygge farlige situasjoner eller ved et spesielt behov for overvåkning. Dette inkluderer tilfeller der det er behov for å beskytte liv og helse, samt forhindre gjentatte eller alvorlige straffbare handlinger. Med andre ord, overvåkning skal ikke være et inngrep i personvernet, men heller en måte å opprettholde en trygg bo- og livssituasjon.

Krav til aksept og forankring

Datatilsynet har presisert at i sameier og borettslag skal all form for kamerovervåkning ha støtte blant beboerne og må være tydelig forankret. Praksis har vist at beslutninger som har blitt tatt med to tredjedels flertall på årsmøter har blitt ansett som retningsgivende. Dette forsterker viktigheten av å sikre en bred aksept blant beboerne før man går videre med å implementere overvåkningssystemer. Det anbefales også å inkludere overvåkningen som en del av vedtektene, for å gi ytterligere juridisk ryggdekning.

Særlige hensyn til personvern

Kameraovervåkningens mål skal være klart definert og relevant for formålet. Det er også viktig å vurdere om filmingen kan krenke personvernet til de som blir filmet. For eksempel kan filming i fellesområder som søppelrom være mindre akseptabelt enn filming i områder med høyere forventning om personvern, som for eksempel badstuer eller private oppganger. Datatilsynet har også fastslått at kamerovervåkning for å sikre kildesortering ikke vil bli tillatt.

Datahåndtering og sletting

Reglene krever at det etableres rutiner for sletting av opptaksdata i tråd med personvernloven. Opptak skal normalt slettes en uke etter at de er gjort, med mindre det er nødvendig å beholde dem lenger, for eksempel hvis politiet vil ha tilgang til opptakene som en del av en etterforskning. Det er også krav om at kun en sikkerhetsansvarlig i boligselskapet skal ha tilgang til opptaksmaterialet.

Begrensninger og avvik fra vilkår

Generalforsamlingen og årsmøtet kan begrense styrets fullmakt til å etablere kamerovervåkning. Dette betyr at selv om det gis initialt samtykke til overvåkning, kan det være nødvendig å innhente ytterligere godkjennelse dersom systemet skal tas ned på et senere tidspunkt.

Konklusjon

Kamerovervåkning i sameier og borettslag er et emne som krever en nøye balanse mellom sikkerhet og personvern. Mens overvåkningssystemer kan bidra til å forebygge farlige situasjoner, beskytte eiendom og øke tryggheten for beboerne, må implementeringen skje med omhu og i samsvar med gjeldende regler og retningslinjer. Å involvere beboerne, klart definere formålet med overvåkningen og etablere strenge rutiner for datahåndtering er nøkkelen for å opprettholde denne balansen og sikre at alle berørte parter kan nyte godt av et trygt og beskyttet bomiljø.

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